As a seasoned automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I have witnessed firsthand the challenges and triumphs that come with vehicle maintenance and repair. Did you know that nearly 1 in 5 drivers experience a breakdown due to preventable issues like dead batteries or flat tires? This startling statistic underscores the importance of understanding basic automobile care.
In this article, I aim to share insights and practical tips drawn from my years in the industry, empowering you to tackle common automotive problems with confidence. Whether you’re a seasoned driver or a new car owner, my goal is to provide you with straightforward, actionable advice that can save you time, money, and frustration on the road.
From troubleshooting a dead battery to changing a flat tire, I will guide you through essential maintenance tasks that can enhance your vehicle’s reliability and performance. So buckle up and let’s dive into the world of automotive care—your journey to becoming a more informed driver starts here!
1. Dead or Discharged Battery
A dead or discharged battery is one of the most common reasons a vehicle won’t start. Understanding the causes and knowing how to address them can save you time and prevent unexpected breakdowns. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I’ll guide you through the essentials of battery maintenance and troubleshooting.
Common Causes of a Dead or Discharged Battery
- Leaving Lights or Accessories On: Forgetting to turn off headlights or interior lights can drain the battery overnight.
- Parasitic Draw: Electrical components, like clocks or alarms, continue to use power even when the car is off. Faulty wiring or devices can cause excessive drain.
- Corroded or Loose Connections: Over time, battery terminals can corrode, or connections can become loose, hindering proper power flow.
- Extreme Temperatures: Both hot and cold weather can affect battery performance, leading to reduced efficiency or failure.
- Short Trips: Frequent short drives prevent the alternator from fully charging the battery, leading to gradual discharge.
How to Jump-Start a Dead Battery
If you find yourself with a dead battery, jump-starting can get you back on the road. Here’s how to do it safely:
- Position the Vehicles: Park the booster vehicle close enough for cables to reach but ensure they don’t touch. Turn off both vehicles.
- Connect Jumper Cables:
- Attach one red clamp to the positive terminal of the dead battery.
- Connect the other red clamp to the positive terminal of the booster battery.
- Attach one black clamp to the negative terminal of the booster battery.
- Connect the other black clamp to an unpainted metal surface on the dead vehicle, away from the battery.
- Start the Vehicles:
- Start the booster vehicle and let it run for a few minutes.
- Attempt to start the dead vehicle.
- Disconnect the Cables: Once the dead vehicle is running, remove the cables in reverse order.
- Keep the Engine Running: Let the revived vehicle run for at least 15 minutes to allow the alternator to recharge the battery.
For a visual demonstration, you can refer to this helpful video:
Preventive Measures
- Regular Maintenance: Inspect and clean battery terminals to prevent corrosion.
- Limit Short Trips: Occasionally take longer drives to ensure the battery charges fully.
- Use a Battery Maintainer: If your vehicle sits unused for extended periods, a maintainer can keep the battery charged.
By understanding the common causes of battery discharge and following these preventive measures, you can enhance your vehicle’s reliability and avoid unexpected breakdowns.
2. Flat Tire
Experiencing a flat tire is an inconvenience that most drivers will face at some point. Understanding the common causes and knowing how to safely change a flat can help you handle the situation with confidence. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I’ll guide you through the essentials.
Common Causes of Flat Tires
- Punctures from Sharp Objects: Nails, screws, and glass can easily penetrate tires, leading to slow leaks or immediate flats. To minimize risk, avoid driving over debris when possible.
- Worn Tire Tread: Over time, tire tread wears down, reducing traction and increasing the likelihood of flats. Regularly inspect your tires and replace them when tread depth is insufficient.
- Improper Inflation: Both overinflated and underinflated tires are susceptible to damage. Maintaining the manufacturer-recommended tire pressure ensures optimal performance and longevity.
- Damaged Valve Stems: Cracked or corroded valve stems can cause air leaks. During routine maintenance, check valve stems for signs of wear and replace them as needed.
How to Safely Change a Flat Tire
- Find a Safe Location: At the first indication of a flat, reduce your speed gradually and look for a level, straight stretch of road with a wide shoulder to pull over. Engage your hazard lights to alert other drivers.
- Prepare Your Vehicle: Turn off the engine and apply the parking brake. Place wheel wedges (or heavy objects like bricks) behind or in front of the tires to prevent the car from rolling.
- Set Up Reflective Triangles: If available, place reflective triangles or flares behind your vehicle to increase visibility, especially if you’re on a busy road.
- Loosen the Lug Nuts: Using a lug wrench, turn the lug nuts counterclockwise to loosen them. Do not remove them completely at this stage. It’s easier to loosen them while the vehicle is on the ground.
- Position the Jack: Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the correct placement of the jack. Typically, there are designated jacking points near each wheel. Place the jack under the appropriate point and raise the vehicle until the flat tire is about six inches off the ground.
- Remove the Flat Tire: Unscrew the lug nuts completely and carefully pull the flat tire straight toward you to remove it from the hub. Place it flat on its side to prevent it from rolling away.
- Mount the Spare Tire: Align the spare tire with the wheel bolts. Push it all the way onto the wheelbase. Hand-tighten the lug nuts back onto the bolts.
- Lower the Vehicle: Use the jack to lower the vehicle so the spare tire rests on the ground but the full weight isn’t entirely on it. Fully tighten the lug nuts with the lug wrench, turning clockwise. Then, lower the vehicle completely and remove the jack.
- Stow Equipment: Place all tools and the damaged tire back into your vehicle. Before driving, ensure the spare tire is properly inflated. Remember, spare tires are intended for temporary use only and often have speed restrictions.
For a visual demonstration, you can refer to this helpful video:
Preventive Measures
- Regular Inspections: Check your tires for signs of wear, embedded objects, or damage. Early detection can prevent unexpected flats.
- Maintain Proper Tire Pressure: Use a reliable gauge to check tire pressure monthly, adjusting as needed to match the manufacturer’s specifications.
- Avoid Road Hazards: Stay vigilant for potholes, debris, and uneven road surfaces that can damage your tires.
By understanding the common causes of flat tires and knowing how to change them safely, you can handle such situations with confidence and ensure your journeys remain smooth and uninterrupted.
3. Headlight or Taillight Out
Discovering that a headlight or taillight is out can be both a safety concern and a potential legal issue. As a seasoned automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I’ll guide you through the common causes of light failures and provide step-by-step instructions to replace them, ensuring you can handle this maintenance task confidently.
Common Causes of Headlight or Taillight Failures
- Burnt-Out Bulbs: Over time, the filament in bulbs can wear out, leading to failure.
- Faulty Wiring: Damaged or corroded wiring can interrupt the electrical flow to the lights.
- Blown Fuses: Electrical surges or faults can cause fuses to blow, cutting power to the lights.
- Moisture Intrusion: Cracks or poor seals in the light housing can allow moisture in, damaging the bulb or socket.
How to Replace a Headlight Bulb
- Safety First: Turn off your vehicle and remove the keys from the ignition. Ensure the headlights are switched off to prevent any electrical issues.
- Access the Headlight Assembly:
- Open the hood and locate the back of the headlight assembly.
- Depending on your vehicle, you might need to remove components like the battery or air filter housing to gain clear access.
- Remove the Old Bulb:
- Disconnect the power connector from the bulb.
- Release any clips or screws holding the bulb in place.
- Carefully pull the bulb out without twisting, unless specified by your vehicle’s manual.
- Install the New Bulb:
- Handle the new bulb with gloves or a clean cloth to avoid oil from your skin causing hot spots on the bulb.
- Insert the new bulb into the socket, ensuring it’s seated properly.
- Secure any clips or screws and reconnect the power connector.
- Test the Headlight: Turn on your vehicle and switch on the headlights to confirm the new bulb is functioning correctly.
For a visual demonstration, you can refer to this helpful video:
How to Replace a Taillight Bulb
- Safety First: Ensure the vehicle is turned off, keys are removed, and the taillights are not illuminated.
- Access the Taillight Assembly:
- Open the trunk or rear hatch to locate the taillight assembly.
- Remove any panels or covers to expose the back of the taillight.
- Remove the Old Bulb:
- Disconnect the electrical connector from the bulb holder.
- Twist or unclip the bulb holder to remove it from the assembly.
- Pull the old bulb straight out from the holder.
- Install the New Bulb:
- Insert the new bulb into the holder, ensuring it’s seated firmly.
- Reattach the bulb holder into the taillight assembly, twisting or clipping it into place.
- Reconnect the electrical connector.
- Test the Taillight: Turn on your vehicle and activate the taillights to ensure the new bulb is operating correctly.
For a visual demonstration, you can refer to this helpful video:
Preventive Measures
- Regular Inspections: Periodically check all vehicle lights to catch and address issues early.
- Seal Integrity: Ensure light housings are sealed properly to prevent moisture ingress.
- Professional Assistance: If replacing bulbs doesn’t resolve the issue, consult a qualified mechanic to inspect the electrical system.
By understanding the common causes of headlight and taillight failures and following these replacement steps, you can maintain optimal vehicle visibility and safety.
4. Worn Windshield Wipers
Ensuring your windshield wipers are in optimal condition is crucial for maintaining clear visibility during adverse weather conditions. As an automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I’ll guide you through recognizing signs of worn wiper blades and provide straightforward steps to replace them, ensuring your safety on the road.
Signs of Worn Windshield Wipers
- Streaking or Smearing: If your wipers leave streaks or smears on the windshield, it’s a sign that the rubber has become worn or damaged and is no longer making proper contact with the glass.
- Squeaking Noises: Hearing squeaking or other unusual noises during operation indicates that the rubber is worn or hardened, causing friction against the glass.
- Chattering Movement: Wipers that skip or chatter across the windshield can be a sign of uneven pressure or a damaged wiper blade.
- Visible Damage: Inspect the wiper blades for any visible splits, cracks, or tears in the rubber, which can cause poor performance and streaking.
How to Replace Windshield Wiper Blades
- Determine the Correct Blade Size:
- Measure the length of your current wiper blades or consult your vehicle’s owner manual to find the appropriate size.
- Remember, the driver and passenger sides may differ in length.
- Purchase Compatible Wiper Blades:
- Visit an auto parts store or shop online using your vehicle’s make and model to find suitable replacements.
- Remove the Old Wiper Blades:
- Lift the wiper arm away from the windshield until it stays in an upright position.
- Locate the small tab or button on the wiper blade where it connects to the wiper arm.
- Press the tab and slide the old blade downward to remove it from the hook.
- Install the New Wiper Blades:
- Align the new wiper blade with the hook on the wiper arm.
- Pull it upward into the hook until it clicks securely into place.
- Gently lower the wiper arm back onto the windshield.
- Test the New Wipers:
- Turn on your vehicle and activate the wipers to ensure they operate smoothly without any issues.
For a visual demonstration, you can refer to this helpful video:
Preventive Maintenance Tips
- Regular Inspection: Check your wiper blades every six months for signs of wear and tear.
- Clean the Blades: Wipe the rubber edge with a damp cloth to remove dirt and debris, enhancing their effectiveness.
- Avoid Using Wipers on Dry Glass: Operating wipers on a dry windshield can cause unnecessary wear; use washer fluid to wet the surface first.
By recognizing the signs of worn windshield wipers and knowing how to replace them, you can maintain clear visibility and ensure safer driving conditions.
5. Engine Overheating
Experiencing engine overheating can be alarming and may lead to significant damage if not addressed promptly. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I aim to guide you through understanding the common causes of engine overheating and the steps you can take to prevent and address this issue.
Common Causes of Engine Overheating
- Low Coolant Levels: Coolant, or antifreeze, is essential for regulating your engine’s temperature. Insufficient coolant can lead to overheating. Regularly check your coolant levels and top up as necessary.
- Cooling System Leaks: Leaks in the cooling system can cause coolant loss, leading to overheating. Common sources include hoses, the radiator, or the water pump. Regular inspections can help identify and address leaks early.
- Faulty Thermostat: The thermostat regulates coolant flow through the engine. If it malfunctions, it can restrict coolant flow, causing the engine to overheat. Replacing a faulty thermostat can resolve this issue.
- Radiator Issues: A damaged or clogged radiator can impede the cooling process. Regular maintenance, including cleaning and inspecting the radiator, ensures efficient heat dissipation.
- Water Pump Failure: The water pump circulates coolant throughout the engine. A failing pump can lead to inadequate coolant flow and overheating. Listen for unusual noises and monitor for coolant leaks as indicators of a failing water pump.
- Low Engine Oil: Engine oil not only lubricates but also helps dissipate heat. Low oil levels can increase friction and heat, contributing to overheating. Regularly check and maintain proper oil levels.
Preventive Measures
- Regular Maintenance: Schedule routine check-ups to inspect the cooling system, including the radiator, hoses, and water pump.
- Monitor Fluid Levels: Consistently check coolant and oil levels, topping up as necessary to maintain optimal engine performance.
- Inspect for Leaks: Regularly look for signs of coolant or oil leaks under your vehicle and address them promptly.
What to Do If Your Engine Overheats
- Safely Pull Over: At the first sign of overheating, such as a rising temperature gauge or steam from the hood, find a safe place to pull over and turn off the engine.
- Allow the Engine to Cool: Wait at least 30 minutes for the engine to cool before attempting any inspection. Opening the hood prematurely can be dangerous due to high temperatures and pressure.
- Check Coolant Levels: Once cooled, check the coolant reservoir and add coolant if necessary. Be cautious when opening the coolant cap, as pressure buildup can cause hot coolant to spray.
- Seek Professional Assistance: If the problem persists or you’re unable to identify the cause, contact a qualified mechanic to diagnose and repair the issue.
By understanding these common causes and implementing preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of engine overheating and ensure your vehicle operates smoothly. Regular maintenance and prompt attention to potential issues are key to keeping your engine in optimal condition.
For a visual demonstration on how to address engine overheating, you might find this video helpful:
6. Squeaky Brakes
Experiencing squeaky brakes can be both annoying and concerning. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I understand the importance of addressing brake noises promptly to ensure your vehicle’s safety and performance.
Common Causes of Squeaky Brakes
- Worn Brake Pads: Brake pads are designed with wear indicators that produce a squealing sound when it’s time for replacement. Ignoring this warning can lead to decreased braking efficiency and potential damage to other components.
- Accumulated Debris: Dust, dirt, or small particles can become lodged between the brake components, leading to squeaking noises during braking. Regular cleaning can prevent this buildup.
- Moisture Exposure: Overnight moisture or driving in wet conditions can cause a thin layer of rust on the brake rotors, resulting in temporary squeaking. This noise typically dissipates after a few brake applications.
- Lack of Lubrication: Insufficient lubrication on the brake components, especially where the pads contact the caliper, can cause squeaking due to increased friction.
- Inferior Brake Pads: Low-quality or incompatible brake pads may not function optimally, leading to noise issues. Opting for high-quality, vehicle-specific pads can mitigate this problem.
Addressing Squeaky Brakes
- Regular Inspection: Periodically check your brake pads and rotors for wear and debris. Timely maintenance can prevent noise and ensure effective braking.
- Professional Servicing: If you’re uncertain about the cause of the squeak or how to address it, consult a certified mechanic. They can accurately diagnose and fix the issue, ensuring your safety.
- Quality Parts: Invest in reputable brake components that are compatible with your vehicle to reduce the likelihood of noise and enhance performance.
By understanding the reasons behind squeaky brakes and taking appropriate action, you can maintain your vehicle’s braking efficiency and ensure a safer driving experience.
For a visual demonstration on how to address squeaky brakes, you might find this video helpful:
7. Loose or Corroded Battery Connections
Experiencing issues like difficulty starting your car, flickering lights, or unexpected stalling? These problems often stem from loose or corroded battery connections, a common yet preventable issue. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I can guide you through understanding, identifying, and addressing these battery connection problems to keep your vehicle running smoothly.
Understanding the Impact of Loose or Corroded Battery Connections
Your car’s battery is essential for starting the engine and powering electrical components. Loose or corroded connections can impede the flow of electricity, leading to:
- Starting Problems: A poor connection may prevent the engine from cranking properly.
- Electrical Issues: Flickering or dim lights and malfunctioning accessories can result from inconsistent power supply.
- Engine Stalling: Intermittent power loss might cause the engine to stall unexpectedly.
Identifying Loose or Corroded Connections
Regular inspection of your battery terminals can help you spot issues early. Look for:
- Corrosion: A white, ashy substance on the terminals indicates corrosion, which can hinder electrical conductivity.
- Loose Terminals: Check if the battery cables are securely attached; any movement can signify a loose connection.
Steps to Clean and Tighten Battery Connections
Addressing these issues promptly can prevent more significant problems. Here’s how you can do it safely:
- Safety First: Turn off the engine and remove the keys. Wear protective gloves and eyewear to safeguard against acid exposure.
- Disconnect the Battery: Always disconnect the negative (-) terminal first to prevent short circuits, followed by the positive (+) terminal.
- Clean the Terminals: Use a mixture of baking soda and water to neutralize any acid, and scrub the terminals with a wire brush to remove corrosion.
- Inspect and Clean Cable Clamps: Ensure the inside of the cable clamps is free from corrosion. Clean them thoroughly using the same baking soda solution.
- Reconnect the Battery: Attach the positive (+) terminal first, followed by the negative (-) terminal. Ensure both are tightened securely to prevent movement.
- Apply Protective Spray: Consider using a battery terminal protectant to minimize future corrosion.
For a visual demonstration, you can refer to this helpful video:
Preventive Measures
To avoid future issues:
- Regular Inspections: Check your battery connections periodically for signs of corrosion or looseness.
- Secure the Battery: Ensure the battery is properly mounted to reduce vibration, which can loosen connections.
- Limit Short Trips: Frequent short drives can prevent the battery from fully charging, leading to buildup and corrosion.
By maintaining clean and secure battery connections, you can enhance your vehicle’s reliability and longevity. If you’re unsure about performing these steps yourself, it’s advisable to consult with a professional mechanic to ensure proper handling and safety.
8. Minor Paint Scratches
Minor paint scratches on your vehicle can be unsightly, but with the right approach, you can often address them yourself. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I’ll guide you through understanding these scratches and provide effective methods to repair them, ensuring your car maintains its aesthetic appeal.
Understanding Minor Paint Scratches
Automotive paint typically consists of multiple layers: a primer, a base color coat, and a clear coat on top. Minor scratches usually affect only the clear coat, appearing as light surface marks that don’t penetrate to the base color. These are often caused by everyday incidents like brushing against bushes, minor abrasions, or improper washing techniques.
Assessing the Scratch
Before proceeding with repairs, it’s essential to evaluate the depth of the scratch:
- Surface-Level Scratches: If the scratch is not deep enough to catch your fingernail, it’s likely confined to the clear coat and can be remedied with simple polishing.
- Deeper Scratches: If your fingernail catches in the scratch, it may have penetrated the base coat or primer, necessitating more extensive repair.
DIY Repair Methods for Minor Scratches
- Cleaning the Area:
- Begin by washing the scratched area with car-specific soap and water to remove dirt and debris.
- Dry the area thoroughly with a clean microfiber cloth.
- Polishing with a Scratch Remover:
- Apply a small amount of a reputable scratch removal compound, such as Meguiar’s Scratch Eraser Kit, to a microfiber cloth.
- Gently rub the compound into the scratch using circular motions, applying light pressure.
- Wipe away any excess residue with a clean cloth and inspect the area.
- Repeat the process if the scratch is still visible.
- Using a DIY Scratch Repair Kit:
- For more pronounced scratches, consider using a comprehensive scratch repair kit like the Turtle Wax Premium Scratch Repair Kit.
- These kits typically include sanding tools, polishing compounds, and clear coat applicators to restore the affected area effectively.
Preventive Measures
- Regular Washing and Waxing: Maintain your vehicle’s finish by routinely washing and applying a quality wax to protect the paint.
- Proper Washing Techniques: Use soft, clean sponges or microfiber mitts and avoid abrasive materials that can cause scratches.
- Parking Considerations: Be mindful of where you park to minimize the risk of scratches from external factors.
By following these steps, you can effectively address minor paint scratches and keep your vehicle looking its best. If you’re uncertain about the repair process or if the scratch is deep, it’s advisable to consult a professional to ensure optimal results.
For a visual demonstration of these techniques, you might find this video helpful:
9. Faulty Spark Plugs
Faulty spark plugs can lead to a range of engine performance issues. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I can guide you through understanding the symptoms of bad spark plugs and the importance of timely replacement.
Common Symptoms of Faulty Spark Plugs
- Engine Misfires: A misfiring engine can feel like a sudden loss of power or a jerking motion during acceleration. This occurs when a spark plug fails to ignite the air-fuel mixture properly.
- Difficulty Starting the Vehicle: Worn or fouled spark plugs can make it challenging to start your car, especially in cold weather, as they struggle to produce the necessary spark.
- Poor Fuel Efficiency: If you notice a decline in your vehicle’s gas mileage, it could be due to spark plugs not burning fuel efficiently, leading to increased fuel consumption.
- Rough Idling: An engine that idles roughly, producing unusual noises or vibrations, may indicate that spark plugs are not functioning correctly.
- Sluggish Acceleration: A noticeable decrease in acceleration responsiveness can be a sign of faulty spark plugs failing to provide adequate combustion.
Importance of Timely Spark Plug Replacement
Regular maintenance and timely replacement of spark plugs are crucial for optimal engine performance. Most manufacturers recommend changing spark plugs every 30,000 to 100,000 miles, depending on the type of plugs used. Neglecting this maintenance can lead to more severe engine issues and decreased fuel efficiency.
By staying vigilant for these symptoms and replacing spark plugs as needed, you can maintain your vehicle’s performance and efficiency. If you’re experiencing any of these issues, it’s advisable to consult with a qualified mechanic to assess and address the problem promptly.
For a visual demonstration of the symptoms of bad spark plugs, you might find this video helpful:
10. Clogged Air Filter
A clogged air filter can significantly impact your vehicle’s performance and efficiency. As a professional automobile mechanic with over a decade of experience, I can guide you through the symptoms of a dirty air filter and the importance of timely replacement.
Common Symptoms of a Clogged Air Filter
- Reduced Engine Performance: A clogged air filter restricts airflow to the engine, causing it to work harder and potentially leading to sluggish acceleration and decreased power.
- Decreased Fuel Efficiency: When the engine doesn’t receive sufficient air, it compensates by consuming more fuel, leading to a noticeable drop in miles per gallon.
- Check Engine Light: A restricted air filter can trigger the check engine light due to the engine struggling to maintain the proper air-fuel ratio.
- Black Smoke from Exhaust: An overly rich air-fuel mixture caused by a clogged filter can result in black smoke emitting from the exhaust pipe.
- Unusual Engine Noises: A dirty air filter can cause the engine to make unusual sounds due to improper air intake.
Importance of Regular Air Filter Maintenance
Regularly inspecting and replacing your vehicle’s air filter is crucial for maintaining optimal engine performance and fuel efficiency. Most manufacturers recommend changing the air filter every 12,000 to 15,000 miles, but this can vary based on driving conditions. Neglecting this simple maintenance can lead to more severe engine issues and increased fuel consumption.
By staying vigilant for these symptoms and replacing the air filter as needed, you can ensure your vehicle runs smoothly and efficiently. If you’re experiencing any of these issues, it’s advisable to consult with a qualified mechanic to assess and address the problem promptly.
For a visual demonstration of the symptoms of a clogged air filter, you might find this video helpful:
Summary
With over ten years of experience as a professional automobile mechanic, I have dedicated my career to understanding the intricacies of vehicle maintenance and repair. Throughout this journey, I’ve encountered countless drivers who face common automotive challenges, often due to a lack of knowledge about basic car care.
Consider this: approximately 30% of all roadside breakdowns are caused by preventable issues such as dead batteries, flat tires, and faulty lights. This statistic highlights the importance of being informed about your vehicle’s needs and how to address them effectively.
In this article, I aim to provide you with practical insights and actionable tips that will empower you to handle everyday automotive problems with confidence. From understanding the causes of a dead battery to safely changing a flat tire, my goal is to equip you with the knowledge necessary to enhance your vehicle’s reliability and ensure your safety on the road.
Interested in making the switch to an electric vehicle? Discover our recommendations for affordable electric cars in the UK and affordable electric cars in Australia!
By sharing my expertise in a straightforward, approachable manner, I hope to make automotive care accessible for everyone—whether you’re a seasoned driver or just starting out. Join me as we explore essential maintenance tasks that can save you time, money, and unnecessary stress while driving. Your journey toward becoming a more informed and capable driver starts here!
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